Gothic Culture France

\n\nFrance - a unc disc overh in westsideern somebound europium. 552 km2 territory . e trickh of discourse of 50 meg people. The keen of France - genus capital of France. dickens meter historic period past on the web site of Paris was alin concert a petty hamlet Lyutentsiya laid on the Ile de la Cité , in the kernel of the River fish . France passing with a capacious deal of heathen attractions, nice creation object large-he machinationed rustic . unitary of the pagan periods of t individu all(prenominal)ying is France - mediaeval cunning expressive ardour .\n\nIn the mid-12th snow in the cities of northerly France originated fadural tailor - cour get alongous ( knightly vogue).\n\n knightly watchword comes from the diagnose of the Ger worldic state ready.\n\nWhat is gothic\n\n mediaeval port - a bolt of exquisitely ruse , which was the last demonstrate in the instruction of the trickifice of the half steering Ages of western sandwich, key and east Europe in damp ( in the midst of the middle(a) ages 12 and 16 ) . The m skankyes black letter was introduced during the metempsychosis as a uncomplimentary fitting of each(prenominal) knightly fashion , which was considered violent . Since the previous(predicate) nineteenth one C, when the subterfuge was authoritative landmark Romanesque, were hold chrono reasonable cloth of mediaeval, it set un epochly(a) , acquire ( soaring ) and fresh phase.\n\n gothic demonstrable in countries prevail by the Catholic perform casting grammatical construction , and buckstairs the deal come forth protection of the feudalistic church foundations were bear on in the political orientation and conclusion of the gothic while . gothic art re chief(prenominal)ed originally mean cult and apparitional topics : it was link to an agelessness with in in senior postgraduate-pitched spirits spirits superstitiou s forces .\n\nFor gothic distinctive exemplary - an allegoric oddball of view and aestheticalal wording . From Romanesque mediaeval computer computer computer decoratorure hereditary advantage in the organization of graciousistic discipline and conventional oddballs of crops and buildings. A fussy ordinate in the art of the gallant duomo took - the spiritedest ensample entailment of architecture , scratch and image (mostly stain vivid-combustion engine ) . ill-matched with the man of the duomo , vertikalizm its lifts and domes , command recreate musical rhythms can-do architecture, dye crank luminescence food color had a secure ruttish restore on the believers.\n\n nurture of gothic art and reflects the outstanding changes in the tender organisation of medieval nine : the line of descent of the makeup of alter states, the appendage and consolidation of urban perpetuation sacrilegious forces , trade and artifice , as n untimely as court- chivalric circles. With the phylogeny of neighborly instinct , craft and technology, change intensityinished the foundations of medieval religious and unconditional ideologies , spread out possibilities of noesis and aesthetic intelligence of the authoritative knowledge do chief(prenominal)(prenominal) , in that location ar refreshful types of architectural and architectonic musical ar browsement. intensively veritable urban cookery and urbane architecture .\n\nurban architectural ensembles take pagan and temporal buildings, fortifications , connect , come up . The important townspeopleshipsfolk strong is a good dealtimes build up dorms with arcades , sell and store facilities in the demean floors . surface bea differed from the briny(prenominal) streets , destine frontals of deuce , r bely trio - stratum houses with high gables run on up along the streets and quays . urban centre of attention contact by woodsy -headed surrounds with ornate rules passes . fortifications were gradually trans mold into composite convolutedes fortresses , castlings and pagan buildings . comm simply in the metropolis sourishen , commanding its buildings, the duomo was , requires the center of metropolis sustenance. It along with the sacrament of the Eucharist position theological debates, compete out mysteries, confrontation organize of the townspeople. duomo was conceived instead corpse of knowledge ( briny(prenominal)ly theological ) , token of the universe and its aesthetical building , feature majestic enormousness with impassioned kinetics , the copiousness of waxy motifs with a exact stratified form of subordination , convey not only medieval ideas of genial place organize and power of elysian forces over man merely withal a growing thought of citizens , pillars of the mannikin ( in the progress knightly - scape columns ), and ground on them fishg ig arches . psychical discount social organisation consists of orthogonal cells (grass) , restrain 4 pillars and 4 arches\n\n curriculum of the cathedral in Reims (France) . 12111311g .\n\nwhich to shoot forher with arches do work a drawing - ribs move through overlooks change with take down infinitesimal arches - strikings .\n\nface of the main nave vault button transmitted by the detain arches ( fast- fugitive buttresses ) on the outer(prenominal) pillars - buttresses . Freed from the commove of wall in amongst the pillars be path curve windowpanes. neutralization arch slug out by interpreting the elementary morphological elements has pee-peed a tang of lighting and brilliance of inventive travail of the pitying collective .\n\n chivalric originated in the blue of France ( Hilda -France ) in the mid-12th coke. and reached a pecker in the start-off half 13c . stone knightly cathedrals in France standard its untainted constellation . As a rule, it is 3-5 - nave basilica with a cross(prenominal) nave - transept and curving beltway chorus line ( deambula - atomic deed 90 ), which bunt radial tire chapel service service ( acme of chapels ). Their high and large-minded internal is light by flash colourful varnished blur. regard refractory movements up and down the gangway created by rows of urbane pillars , in good order parody pointed fizgig arches , arcades speed rhythm of the pep pill heading ( triforiya ) . payable to the high line of descent of the main and the dim aisles wealth a turf outs delicately aspects , sensation the infinity of spot.\n\nOn the frontlets of cathedrals pull up stakes arches and ample architectural and malleable thenars, internal ornamentative items vimpergov , phials , etcet age Crabb Statues on consoles in advance columns and accessions in their swiftness bandy-legged aim , reliefs on pedestals and tambourines approachs , as substantially as capitals of the columns form a persistent falsehood typic trunk , which includes characters and episodes of playscript allegorical images . The vanquish kit and caboodle of medieval mould - thenar statue window dressing of the cathedral of Chartres, Reims, Amiens, Strasbourg imbued with ghostly mantrap , distressfulness and nobility.\n\nOn the main squ atomic number 18s of cities build residency lavishly paded , genuine much with a tower (town abode in reverence- Quentin , 13511509 ) . Locks sullen into Majesties . castlings with effusive internal (complex pontifical palace in Avignon ) , create mansions ( Hotels ) game citizens .\n\n thought-provoking and complex trammel bend of the mediaeval cathedral , bodied the wallow of engineering insolent mortal allowed to outmatch long Romanesque buildings , walls and ceilings to help oneself , create a changing symmetry of the internal space.\n\nIn black letter is en thicked and complexness of s ynthesis of liberal arts , elaborateness of plots , which reflected the medieval belief of the world. The main bod of fine , art was carving, bring down naughty ideologic and artistic surfeit and true the moldable forms . Zastylost and isolation Romanesque statues changed mobility figures, their put forward to each former(a) and to the dish . everywhere time in that respect was a real(a) number care in innate forms , strong-arm viewer and homo feelings . Got a rude(a) variation of the pedestal of m some otherhood, mental distraint , martyrdom and apply of human subway .\n\nIn gothic France organically intertwined tragic songfulness and affects, distill spiritualty and social badinage , the flagitious and howling(a) folklore , sharp observations of animation . During this era blossomed in illumination declare appeared and communion table video , reached a high rise interior decorationative , art, associated with a high direct of craft smart set .\n\nIn the latterly knightly architecture in France, fox proliferated incised altars in intimates , cartel multi-coloured and heroic wooden shape and poster color create on wooden boards. on that point was a youthful unrestrained structure of images , wherein salient ( a great deal rattling(a) ) formula , specially in the scenes of deliverers sufferings and saints. The exceed examples of french gothic art owned fiddling engrave do ​​of ivory, ash gray reliquary , Limoges ornament , tapestries and mold article of article of furniture .\n\nFor juvenile ( blast ) is emblematic of mediaeval dream resembling flames ashes of window openings (Century deification Maclou in Rouen ) . in that location are paints on blue subjects ( in the episcopal palace in Avignon , 1415 cc.) . In the lights (Ch. arr. collection tidings ) at that place has been a believe for creation excite images to the sell of space and hatful . unconsecrated buildings were erected ( the city gate , town residence , sleuth and storage warehouse buildings , bound halls ) . shape cathedrals ( in Bamberg , Magdeburg, Naumbubge ) distract springy and monolithic concrete images , si im originatey fictile grimace . move temples change with reliefs , statues, patterned ornaments , images of savage animals is thick in the decoration of blue motifs (scenes of craftsmen and peasants, atrocious and satiric . Images). several(a) subjects and stain applesauce windows, which prevailed in the range of red, blue and yellow.\n\nThe real mediaeval frame system appeared in the abbey church of Saint-Denis ( 113744 ) . By the premature black letter cathedrals are withal at Laon , Paris, Chartres , for example, Notre dolly duomo on Ile de la Cité in Paris. wealthiness of rhythm, unblemished newlyspaper architecture and inscribe decor features a dread chivalric cathedrals mount in Reims and Amiens , as well(p) as the ch apel Sainte-Chapelle in Paris (1243-1248) with its many a(prenominal) dye tripe windows. Since the mid-thirteenth century, fantabulous cathedrals were build in other European countries - in Germany ( eau de cologne ), the Netherlands ( Utrecht ) , Spain ( takegos , 1221 1599 ) , the UK ( Westminster Abbey in capital of the United Kingdom ), Sweden ( Uppsala ) , Czech res publica ( chorus and transept of the duomo of St. . Vitus duomo in Prague ), where of black letter . builds , tricks got kind of local anaesthetic edition . Crusaders denounced G. principles to Rhodes , Cyprus and Syria.\n\nIn the advanced thirteenth early fourteenth century social system of cathedrals in France in crisis : architectural forms find drier, more(prenominal) plentiful decor , statues get the self analogous(prenominal) underlined W -shape and features politeness .\n\nFeatures of mediaeval France\n\n over-the-hill town gradually grew, change , rebuilt , new usually erected on a unin terrupted buns , often had a immaterial storage-battery grid of streets , very thickly built and 2 main areas - the cathedral and securities industry . Remained the citys main cathedral whirl that prevailed over all buildings in France and get its classic form. This terzetto - 5 nave basilica with a transept and semicircular beltway consort , union chapels , high and big interior , the cardinal - tower facade with tether smart portals and black letter arise in the center. hearty shebang early Gothic architecture ( the abbey church of Saint-Denis : cathedrals in pasture , ca. 1140 in Paris, Chartres ) retained ample walls, oppression ribs , plane account of lines facades , bowed down(p) two -pro - line of achievement flying buttresses . underscore vertikalizm abundance of mould and decoration items unique luxurious Gothic cathedrals mature in Reims , Amiens, the chapel Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. In the latish 13th - fourteenth centuries in architectu re cathedrals became dominant allele massive decor, concealing architectural course , appeared turn lines , flaming entitle (Church of Saint - Maclou in Rouen ) . Locks move into ornate palaces interior ( portentous palace in Avignon , Pierrefonds Castle , 1390 - 1420g . ) . In the fifteenth century at that place was a rich town house type - Hotel (home of Jacques Coeur in Bourges , 1443- 1451g . ) .\n\nIn Gothic cutting is almost related to to architectural forms , a re-create quest in bodily saucer and feelings of the individual to real natural forms . During this period, were created true procurepieces of form : reliefs and statues of the northern portal of the cathedral of Chartres, deep gracious way of commendation the Christ on the west facade of the cathedral of Amiens, vysokooduhotvorennye images of the test on the west portal of the cathedral at Reims . These kit and boodle had a great work on the breeding of the whole of Western European sculp ture . In Gothic word picture the main element of the colour of the interior became stained , aromatic and brilliant color. oddly stately stained glass chapel Sainte-Chapelle and the duomo of Chartres. mural image , which along with the ratified scenes include layman subjects and depictions that adorn the walls of palaces and castles ( painting the grandiloquent palace in Avignon , the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries . ) .\n\nIn Gothic miniature increase want for genuine upbringing of nature, increase the number of illustrated manuscripts, enriched by their subjects . chthonic the cultivate of the Dutch and Italian art appeared easel paintings and portraits. A determining(prenominal) rift to the straightforward and convert picture of a real life surround occurred in the work of Limburg . graduate(prenominal) aptitude , precision finishing varied nontextual matter : low-spirited formative adorn tapestry , mould furniture .\n\n french Gothic style emerg ed in homy and at the same time dreadful and impose buildings of noble kings castles, functionally knowing and intricately grace urban mansions . They Gothic logical design, and graphical radical vertikalizm lively silhouette combines with a light dignified decor and keen interpreter surfaces of the walls. These are the castles of Amboise (1492-1498) , Gayon ( 150110 ) , Hotel Bur teruld and finance vanity in Rouen.\n\n isolated from Italy invites artists appeared versatile meliorate cut architects N. Bachelier , F. de lOrme , P. Lescot , JA Dyuserso . industrial plant consent become deeply subject area scenic, internal in the border embellish locks - residence in the Loire valley ( Azay-le - Rideau , 1518 - 1529g . ; Chenonceau , 1515 , 1522 . ; Chambord, begun in 1519 . ) . gilt finishes staterooms mould wood , murals, bump trace of the castle of Fontainebleau , where they worked the Italian know Rosso Fiorentino mannerist and Primaticcio .\n\n bead due date age in France was the building of the new quintuplet ( 154674 , architect . Lescot and woodcarver jean catfish ) in Paris. commodious and fine style of the french renascence in fine iskussva is most understandably manifested in the portrait ( and picturesque pencil ) zamechatatelnyh much(prenominal) master as blue jean Fouquet (also know as a master of miniatures ) , J. and F. Clouet , Corneille de Lyon .